2.2

Equations

Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics (0580)  · Unit 2: Algebra and graphs  · 9 flashcards

Equations is topic 2.2 in the Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics (0580) syllabus , positioned in Unit 2 — Algebra and graphs , alongside Algebraic notation and manipulation, Inequalities and Sequences.  In one line: Inverse operations are operations that undo each other (.

This topic is examined across Paper 1 (Core) or Paper 2 (Extended) — non-calculator — and Paper 3 (Core) or Paper 4 (Extended) — calculator.

The deck below contains 9 flashcards — 3 definitions and 2 key concepts — covering the precise wording mark schemes reward.  Use the 3 definition cards to lock down command-word answers (define, state), then move on to the concept and application cards to handle explain, describe and compare questions.

Key definition

'inverse operations' and why are they important for solving equations

Inverse operations are operations that undo each other (

Example: addition and subtraction, multiplication and division). They are crucial for isolating the variable by reversing the operations applied to it.

Questions this Equations deck will help you answer

Key Concept Flip

What is the primary goal when solving an equation?

Answer Flip

The main goal is to isolate the unknown variable (

Example: 'x') on one side of the equation to determine its value. This is achieved by performing the same operations on both sides to maintain balance.
Key Concept Flip

Solve the linear equation: 2x + 5 = 11

Answer Flip

Subtract 5 from both sides: 2x = 6. Then, divide both sides by 2: x = 3. Therefore, the solution is x = 3.

Key Concept Flip

Explain the concept of 'balance' in the context of solving equations.

Answer Flip

The equation must remain equal. Any operation performed on one side of the equation must also be performed on the other side to maintain equality.

Definition Flip

What are 'inverse operations' and why are they important for solving equations?

Answer Flip

Inverse operations are operations that undo each other (

Example: addition and subtraction, multiplication and division). They are crucial for isolating the variable by reversing the operations applied to it.
Definition Flip

Define 'solution' in the context of an equation.

Answer Flip

The solution is the value (or values) of the unknown variable that makes the equation true. Substituting the solution back into the original equation should result in a balanced equation.

Key Concept Flip

Solve for x and y using elimination: x + y = 5, x - y = 1

Answer Flip

Add the two equations: 2x = 6, so x = 3. Substitute x = 3 into the first equation: 3 + y = 5, so y = 2. Therefore, x=3 and y=2.

Definition Flip

Explain the 'substitution' method for solving simultaneous equations.

Answer Flip

Solve one equation for one variable, then substitute that expression into the other equation. This creates a single equation with one variable, which can then be solved. Finally, substitute the solved variable's value back to get the other variable.

Key Concept Flip

When solving the equation 3(x - 2) = 9, what is the first step?

Answer Flip

The first step is to either divide both sides of the equation by 3, or distribute the 3 into the parentheses to get 3x - 6 = 9. Both approaches are valid.

Key Concept Flip

Solve the following: 5x - 3 = 12

Answer Flip

Add 3 to both sides: 5x = 15. Divide both sides by 5: x = 3. Therefore the solution is x = 3.

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2.1 Algebraic notation and manipulation 2.3 Inequalities

Key Questions: Equations

What are 'inverse operations' and why are they important for solving equations?

Inverse operations are operations that undo each other (

Example: addition and subtraction, multiplication and division). They are crucial for isolating the variable by reversing the operations applied to it.
Define 'solution' in the context of an equation.

The solution is the value (or values) of the unknown variable that makes the equation true. Substituting the solution back into the original equation should result in a balanced equation.

Explain the 'substitution' method for solving simultaneous equations.

Solve one equation for one variable, then substitute that expression into the other equation. This creates a single equation with one variable, which can then be solved. Finally, substitute the solved variable's value back to get the other variable.

Tips to avoid common mistakes in Equations

More topics in Unit 2 — Algebra and graphs

Equations sits alongside these Mathematics decks in the same syllabus unit. Each uses the same spaced-repetition system, so progress in one informs the next.

Cambridge syllabus keywords to use in your answers

These are the official Cambridge 0580 terms tagged to this section. Mark schemes credit responses that use the exact term — weave them into your answers verbatim rather than paraphrasing.

equation solve linear equation unknown balance inverse operation solution simultaneous equations substitution elimination

Key terms covered in this Equations deck

Every term below is defined in the flashcards above. Use the list as a quick recall test before your exam — if you can't define one of these in your own words, flip back to that card.

'inverse operations' and why are they important for solving equations
'solution' in the context of an equation
Explain the 'substitution' method for solving simultaneous equations

Related Mathematics guides

Long-read articles that go beyond the deck — cover the whole subject's common mistakes, high-yield content and revision pacing.

How to study this Equations deck

Start in Study Mode, attempt each card before flipping, then rate Hard, Okay or Easy. Cards you rate Hard come back within a day; cards you rate Easy push out to weeks. Your progress is saved in your browser, so come back daily for 5–10 minute reviews until every card reads Mastered.