2.1

Algebraic notation and manipulation

Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics (0580)  · Unit 2: Algebra and graphs  · 9 flashcards

Algebraic notation and manipulation is topic 2.1 in the Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics (0580) syllabus , positioned in Unit 2 — Algebra and graphs , alongside Equations, Inequalities and Sequences.  In one line: The coefficient is the numerical part of the term, which is 7. The variable is the letter representing an unknown value, which is 'x'.

This topic is examined across Paper 1 (Core) or Paper 2 (Extended) — non-calculator — and Paper 3 (Core) or Paper 4 (Extended) — calculator.

The deck below contains 9 flashcards — 4 definitions and 1 key concept — covering the precise wording mark schemes reward.  Use the 4 definition cards to lock down command-word answers (define, state), then move on to the concept and application cards to handle explain, describe and compare questions.

Key definition

Identify the coefficient and variable in the term '7x'

The coefficient is the numerical part of the term, which is 7. The variable is the letter representing an unknown value, which is 'x'.

Questions this Algebraic notation and manipulation deck will help you answer

Definition Flip

Identify the coefficient and variable in the term '7x'.

Answer Flip

The coefficient is the numerical part of the term, which is 7. The variable is the letter representing an unknown value, which is 'x'.

Key Concept Flip

Simplify the following expression by collecting like terms: 3a + 2b - a + 5b.

Answer Flip

Combine the 'a' terms (3a - a = 2a) and the 'b' terms (2b + 5b = 7b). The simplified expression is 2a + 7b.

Definition Flip

What is the difference between a term and an expression in algebra?

Answer Flip

A term is a single number, variable, or product of numbers and variables (

Example: 5x, 3). An expression is a combination of one or more terms connected by mathematical operations (. 2x + 3y - 1).
Key Concept Flip

Expand the following expression: 4(2x - 3).

Answer Flip

Multiply each term inside the brackets by 4: 4 * 2x = 8x and 4 * -3 = -12. The expanded expression is 8x - 12.

Key Concept Flip

Factorise the following expression: 6x + 9.

Answer Flip

Find the highest common factor (HCF) of 6 and 9, which is 3. Divide each term by 3 and write it outside the brackets: 3(2x + 3).

Definition Flip

Explain what 'like terms' are and give an example.

Answer Flip

Like terms are terms that have the same variable raised to the same power.

Example: 2x and 5x are like terms, but 2x and 5x² are not.
Definition Flip

What is a constant term in an algebraic expression? Give an example.

Answer Flip

A constant term is a term that does not contain any variables; it's a fixed number.

Example: In the expression 3x + 5, the constant term is 5.
Key Concept Flip

Simplify the algebraic fraction: 10x / 5.

Answer Flip

Divide the coefficient of the numerator by the denominator: 10 / 5 = 2. Therefore, the simplified fraction is 2x.

Key Concept Flip

Explain the purpose of brackets in an algebraic expression.

Answer Flip

Brackets indicate the order of operations. Operations inside the brackets are performed before operations outside the brackets (following the order of operations - PEMDAS/BODMAS).

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Key Questions: Algebraic notation and manipulation

Identify the coefficient and variable in the term '7x'.

The coefficient is the numerical part of the term, which is 7. The variable is the letter representing an unknown value, which is 'x'.

What is the difference between a term and an expression in algebra?

A term is a single number, variable, or product of numbers and variables (

Example: 5x, 3). An expression is a combination of one or more terms connected by mathematical operations (. 2x + 3y - 1).
Explain what 'like terms' are and give an example.

Like terms are terms that have the same variable raised to the same power.

Example: 2x and 5x are like terms, but 2x and 5x² are not.
What is a constant term in an algebraic expression? Give an example.

A constant term is a term that does not contain any variables; it's a fixed number.

Example: In the expression 3x + 5, the constant term is 5.

Tips to avoid common mistakes in Algebraic notation and manipulation

More topics in Unit 2 — Algebra and graphs

Algebraic notation and manipulation sits alongside these Mathematics decks in the same syllabus unit. Each uses the same spaced-repetition system, so progress in one informs the next.

Cambridge syllabus keywords to use in your answers

These are the official Cambridge 0580 terms tagged to this section. Mark schemes credit responses that use the exact term — weave them into your answers verbatim rather than paraphrasing.

algebra variable term coefficient constant expression simplify expand factorise like terms collect brackets algebraic fraction

Key terms covered in this Algebraic notation and manipulation deck

Every term below is defined in the flashcards above. Use the list as a quick recall test before your exam — if you can't define one of these in your own words, flip back to that card.

Identify the coefficient and variable in the term '7x'
The difference between a term and an expression in algebra
Explain what 'like terms' are and give an example
Constant term in an algebraic expression? Give an example

Related Mathematics guides

Long-read articles that go beyond the deck — cover the whole subject's common mistakes, high-yield content and revision pacing.

How to study this Algebraic notation and manipulation deck

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