1.4

Powers and roots

Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics (0580)  · Unit 1: Number  · 9 flashcards

Powers and roots is topic 1.4 in the Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics (0580) syllabus , positioned in Unit 1 — Number , alongside Types of number, Fractions, decimals and percentages and Operations and order of operations.  In one line: An index (or exponent) indicates how many times a base number is multiplied by itself.

This topic is examined across Paper 1 (Core) or Paper 2 (Extended) — non-calculator — and Paper 3 (Core) or Paper 4 (Extended) — calculator.

The deck below contains 9 flashcards — 1 definition and 1 key concept — covering the precise wording mark schemes reward.  Use the definition card to lock down command-word answers (define, state), then move on to the concept and application cards to handle explain, describe and compare questions.

Key definition

'index' (or 'exponent')

An index (or exponent) indicates how many times a base number is multiplied by itself.

Example: in 2³, 3 is the index, and 2 is the base. 2³ means 2 x 2 x 2.

Questions this Powers and roots deck will help you answer

Key Concept Flip

What is the value of 5⁰?

Answer Flip

Any non-zero number raised to the power of 0 is equal to 1. Therefore, 5⁰ = 1.

Key Concept Flip

Simplify: x⁵ × x²

Answer Flip

When multiplying indices with the same base, add the powers. x⁵ × x² = x⁵⁺² = x⁷

Key Concept Flip

Simplify: y⁸ / y³

Answer Flip

When dividing indices with the same base, subtract the powers. y⁸ / y³ = y⁸⁻³ = y⁵

Key Concept Flip

What does a negative index mean? Give an example.

Answer Flip

A negative index indicates a reciprocal.

Example: x⁻² = 1/x². Therefore, 2⁻³ = 1/2³ = 1/8
Key Concept Flip

What is the value of 9¹/²?

Answer Flip

A fractional index of 1/2 represents the square root. Therefore, 9¹/² = √9 = 3.

Key Concept Flip

Express 0.000047 in standard form (scientific notation).

Answer Flip

Standard form is A x 10ⁿ, where 1 ≤ A < 10 and n is an integer. 0.000047 = 4.7 x 10⁻⁵

Key Concept Flip

Simplify: (a³)⁴

Answer Flip

When raising a power to another power, multiply the powers. (a³)⁴ = a³ˣ⁴ = a¹²

Definition Flip

Define 'index' (or 'exponent').

Answer Flip

An index (or exponent) indicates how many times a base number is multiplied by itself.

Example: in 2³, 3 is the index, and 2 is the base. 2³ means 2 x 2 x 2.
Key Concept Flip

What is the cube root of 64?

Answer Flip

The cube root of a number is a value that, when multiplied by itself three times, gives the original number. The cube root of 64 is 4, because 4 x 4 x 4 = 64.

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1.3 Operations and order of operations 1.5 Ratio, proportion and rate

Key Questions: Powers and roots

Define 'index' (or 'exponent').

An index (or exponent) indicates how many times a base number is multiplied by itself.

Example: in 2³, 3 is the index, and 2 is the base. 2³ means 2 x 2 x 2.

More topics in Unit 1 — Number

Powers and roots sits alongside these Mathematics decks in the same syllabus unit. Each uses the same spaced-repetition system, so progress in one informs the next.

Cambridge syllabus keywords to use in your answers

These are the official Cambridge 0580 terms tagged to this section. Mark schemes credit responses that use the exact term — weave them into your answers verbatim rather than paraphrasing.

power index indices exponent square root cube root nth root laws of indices negative index fractional index zero index standard form scientific notation

Key terms covered in this Powers and roots deck

Every term below is defined in the flashcards above. Use the list as a quick recall test before your exam — if you can't define one of these in your own words, flip back to that card.

'index' (or 'exponent')

Related Mathematics guides

Long-read articles that go beyond the deck — cover the whole subject's common mistakes, high-yield content and revision pacing.

How to study this Powers and roots deck

Start in Study Mode, attempt each card before flipping, then rate Hard, Okay or Easy. Cards you rate Hard come back within a day; cards you rate Easy push out to weeks. Your progress is saved in your browser, so come back daily for 5–10 minute reviews until every card reads Mastered.